Term conventionally used to refer to the school of Dutch painters and draughtsmen who were active in Rome for more than a hundred years, starting from the early 17th century. These artists produced mainly pastoral subjects bathed in warm southern light, set in an Italian, or specifically Roman, landscape. The origins of the use of the term date to the early 20th century, when art historians first began to distinguish between the native landscapes of Dutch painters such as Jan van Goyen or Jacob van Ruisdael and those of their compatriots, such as Herman van Swanevelt or Jan Both, who had travelled to Italy.